El efecto del estrés por sequía y la fertilización con nitrógeno sobre el ingrediente activo, clorofila A y B, y el índice de clorofila de la henna

The response of active ingredient, chlorophyll a and b contents, and chlorophyll index of henna to different rates of N fertilization and drought stress was explored in a split-split-plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications in the research farm of Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft, Iran in the 2016-2017 growing season. In the current study, the main plot was assigned to drought stress at three levels (including irrigation to supply 100%, 75% or 50% of plant water requirement), the sub-plot was assigned to N fertilization at three rates (50, 100 or 150 kg ha-1 pure N), and the sub-sub-plot was assigned to ecotype at three levels (Bami, Bushehri, and Rudbari). The results showed that the effect of drought level was significant on active ingredient and chlorophyll index at the p < 0.01 level and on chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, and chlorophyll a/b ratio at the p < 0.05 level.  But, it could not influence chlorophyll b significantly. The effect of N fertilization was significant on most studied traits at the p< 0.01 level, but its effect was significant on the chlorophyll index at the p < 0.05 level and insignificant on dye and chlorophyll b. According to the results, it seems that the application of 100 kg ha-1 N and the irrigation to supply 75% of plant water requirement can contribute to having more fresh plants with the higher active ingredient and dye contents.La respuesta del ingrediente activo, el contenido de clorofila ayb, y el índice de clorofila de la henna a diferentes tasas de fertilización N y estrés por sequía se exploró en un experimento de parcela dividida dividida basado en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones en la granja de investigación. de Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft, Irán en la temporada de cultivo 2016-2017. En el estudio actual, la parcela principal se asignó al estrés por sequía en tres niveles (incluido el riego para suministrar el 100%, 75% o 50% del requerimiento de agua de la planta), la subparcela se asignó a la fertilización con N en tres dosis (50, 100 o 150 kg ha-1 de N puro), y la sub-subparcela se asignó al ecotipo en tres niveles (Bami, Bushehri y Rudbari). Los resultados mostraron que el efecto del nivel de sequía fue significativo sobre el ingrediente activo y el índice de clorofila al nivel de p <0.01 y sobre la clorofila a, clorofila total y la proporción de clorofila a / b al nivel de p <0.05. Pero no pudo influir significativamente en la clorofila b. El efecto de la fertilización con N fue significativo en la mayoría de los rasgos estudiados en el nivel p <0.01, pero su efecto fue significativo en el índice de clorofila en el nivel p <0.05 e insignificante en el tinte y la clorofila b. Según los resultados, parece que la aplicación de 100 kg ha-1 N y el riego para suplir el 75% del requerimiento de agua de la planta pueden contribuir a tener más plantas frescas con mayor contenido de ingrediente activo y colorante

El efecto del estrés por sequía y la fertilización con nitrógeno sobre el ingrediente activo, clorofila A y B, y el índice de clorofila de la henna

La respuesta del ingrediente activo, el contenido de clorofila ayb, y el índice de clorofila de la henna a diferentes tasas de fertilización N y estrés por sequía se exploró en un experimento de parcela dividida dividida basado en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones en la granja de investigación. de Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft, Irán en la temporada de cultivo 2016-2017. En el estudio actual, la parcela principal se asignó al estrés por sequía en tres niveles (incluido el riego para suministrar el 100%, 75% o 50% del requerimiento de agua de la planta), la subparcela se asignó a la fertilización con N en tres dosis (50, 100 o 150 kg ha-1 de N puro), y la sub-subparcela se asignó al ecotipo en tres niveles (Bami, Bushehri y Rudbari). Los resultados mostraron que el efecto del nivel de sequía fue significativo sobre el ingrediente activo y el índice de clorofila al nivel de p <0.01 y sobre la clorofila a, clorofila total y la proporción de clorofila a / b al nivel de p <0.05. Pero no pudo influir significativamente en la clorofila b. El efecto de la fertilización con N fue significativo en la mayoría de los rasgos estudiados en el nivel p <0.01, pero su efecto fue significativo en el índice de clorofila en el nivel p <0.05 e insignificante en el tinte y la clorofila b. Según los resultados, parece que la aplicación de 100 kg ha-1 N y el riego para suplir el 75% del requerimiento de agua de la planta pueden contribuir a tener más plantas frescas con mayor contenido de ingrediente activo y colorante

Developing a Conceptual Framework for the Scientific Social Networks using Metasynthesis Method

Scientific social networks play an important role in creating, organizing, storing, sharing, disseminating, and using information and knowledge among scientific communities and accelerate and facilitate the processes of information and knowledge management and communication among them. So the purpose of this research was to identify the dimensions and components of scientific social networks and to present its conceptual framework. This applied research has used a metasynthesis approach and library methods. A total of 50 sources out of 325 sources were selected for the meta-study and 170 codes, 25 concepts and 8 categories extracted. To analyze the data, seven step-by-step methods of Sandelowski and Barroso have been used. The findings showed that the components of scientific social networks, including: Management (science development, information management and knowledge management); Technology (information systems, scientific social websites, social networks); Culture (scientific behavior, scientific view, environmental and social factors); Communications (communication types and tools); Learning (education, content and cooperation); Personal characteristics (expert, skill, interest and motivation); Scientific performance (product, evaluation, assessment and scientific levels), and Legal issues (copyright and security) affect each other and scientific social networks. The proposed conceptual framework can be used for design, evaluation of success, assessment of status, prediction and pathology of scientific social networks in the scientific societies and centers

Presenting the Conceptual model of the Social Knowledge Management using Meta Synthesis Method

Social knowledge management is an intersection between social knowledge management and social capital that plays an important role in extracting implicit social knowledge. The purpose of this research is to manage the social knowledge management of social network users. This research is an applied research that is done with meta-synthesis. To analyze the data, seven step-by-step methods of Sandloski and Baruso have been used. A total of 44 sources out of 258 sources were selected for the final meta-synthesis from which 224 codes, 25 concepts, and 8 categories were extracted and analyzed using Excel 2016 statistical software.The findings showed that the components of social knowledge management include intellectual capital (human, structural and communication); social capital (structural, cognitive and relational); knowledge management (knowledge dimensions, knowledge types, knowledge management processes, knowledge conversion, knowledge ecosystem and its obstacles); communications (personal and collective); learning (individual, collective and learning styles); leadership (management skills and management styles); culture (trust and interest and motivation); and technology (social media, semantic web and information and knowledge management systems). Also, findings showed that the knowledge and the social and intellectual capitals are components of the conceptual model of social knowledge management and this model is affected by communication, culture, technology and leadership factors and there are interactions between all of the above-mentioned elements. Generally, it can be said that the proposed conceptual model can help to evaluate the success factors of social knowledge management in organizations

Current Challenges and Advancements on the Management of Water Retreatment in Different Production Operations of Shale Reservoirs

Publisher's Note : MDPI Stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliationsNowadays, water savings on industrial plants have become a significant concern for various plants and sections. It is vitally essential to propose applicable and efficient techniques to retreat produced water from onshore and offshore production units. This paper aimed to implement the PFF (Photo Fenton Flotation) method to optimize the water treatment procedure, as it is a twostage separation technique. The measurements were recorded for the HF (hydraulic fracturing) and CEOR (chemically enhanced oil recovery) methods separately to compare the results appropriately. To assure the efficiency of this method, we first recorded the measurements for five sequential days. As a result, the total volume of 2372.5 MM m3/year of water can be saved in the HF process during the PFF treatment procedure, and only 20% of this required fresh water should be provided from other resources. On the other hand, the total volume of 7482.5 MM m3/year of water can be saved in CEOR processes during the PFF treatment procedure, and only 38% of this required fresh water should be provided from other resources. Therefore, the total water volume of 9855 MM m3 can be saved each year, indicating the efficiency of this method in supplying and saving the water volume during the production operations from oilfield unit

Molecular detection of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates

Acinetobacter baumannii is a major opportunistic pathogen in healthcare settings worldwide. In Iran, there are only few reports on the prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance genes among A. baumannii isolates. The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) genes from A. baumannii strains collected at a university teaching hospital in Iran. One hundred A. baumannii strains were collected between 2014 and 2015 from hospitalized patients at Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations. The DNA was extracted using a kit obtained from Bioneer Co. (Korea) and was used as a template for polymerase chain reaction. The most active antimicrobial agent against these strains was colistin. The rate of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance was 97%. The aadA1, aadB, aac(6′)-Ib, and aac(3)-IIa genes were found in 85%, 77%, 72%, and 68% of A. baumannii isolates, respectively. This study showed a high prevalence rate of AME genes in A. baumannii. This prevalence rate has explained that further aminoglycoside resistance genes may have role in the resistance of clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Therefore, control and treatment of serious infections caused by this opportunistic pathogen should be given more consideration

El efecto del estrés por sequía y la fertilización con nitrógeno sobre el ingrediente activo, clorofila A y B, y el índice de clorofila de la henna

The response of active ingredient, chlorophyll a and b contents, and chlorophyll index of henna to different rates of N fertilization and drought stress was explored in a split-split-plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications in the research farm of Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft, Iran in the 2016-2017 growing season. In the current study, the main plot was assigned to drought stress at three levels (including irrigation to supply 100%, 75% or 50% of plant water requirement), the sub-plot was assigned to N fertilization at three rates (50, 100 or 150 kg ha-1 pure N), and the sub-sub-plot was assigned to ecotype at three levels (Bami, Bushehri, and Rudbari). The results showed that the effect of drought level was significant on active ingredient and chlorophyll index at the p < 0.01 level and on chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, and chlorophyll a/b ratio at the p < 0.05 level. But, it could not influence chlorophyll b significantly. The effect of N fertilization was significant on most studied traits at the p< 0.01 level, but its effect was significant on the chlorophyll index at the p < 0.05 level and insignificant on dye and chlorophyll b. According to the results, it seems that the application of 100 kg ha-1 N and the irrigation to supply 75% of plant water requirement can contribute to having more fresh plants with the higher active ingredient and dye contents.La respuesta del ingrediente activo, el contenido de clorofila ayb, y el índice de clorofila de la henna a diferentes tasas de fertilización N y estrés por sequía se exploró en un experimento de parcela dividida dividida basado en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones en la granja de investigación. de Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft, Irán en la temporada de cultivo 2016-2017. En el estudio actual, la parcela principal se asignó al estrés por sequía en tres niveles (incluido el riego para suministrar el 100%, 75% o 50% del requerimiento de agua de la planta), la subparcela se asignó a la fertilización con N en tres dosis (50, 100 o 150 kg ha-1 de N puro), y la sub-subparcela se asignó al ecotipo en tres niveles (Bami, Bushehri y Rudbari). Los resultados mostraron que el efecto del nivel de sequía fue significativo sobre el ingrediente activo y el índice de clorofila al nivel de p <0.01 y sobre la clorofila a, clorofila total y la proporción de clorofila a / b al nivel de p <0.05. Pero no pudo influir significativamente en la clorofila b. El efecto de la fertilización con N fue significativo en la mayoría de los rasgos estudiados en el nivel p <0.01, pero su efecto fue significativo en el índice de clorofila en el nivel p <0.05 e insignificante en el tinte y la clorofila b. Según los resultados, parece que la aplicación de 100 kg ha-1 N y el riego para suplir el 75% del requerimiento de agua de la planta pueden contribuir a tener más plantas frescas con mayor contenido de ingrediente activo y colorante